Introduction to Serology
Safety rules
1- Wear lab coat
2-1t is a must to wear gloves
3-Never mouth pipette
4-Cover any cuts or burns
5-Do not eat or drink in lab
6-Wash hands before you leave
What is serology?
Serology is the seientific study of serum and other bodily fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given microorganism), against other foreign proteins (in response, for example, to a mismatched blood transfusion), or to one's own proteins (in instances of autoimmune disease)
Serology blood tests help to diagnose patients with certain immune deficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia. In such cases, tests for antibodies will be consistently negative.
Serological methods are diagnostic methods that are used to identify antibodies and antigens in patients sample which is serum and plasma. There are some classical serological methods like Agglutination and Precipitation that are used to identify infectious discases and human blood grouping typing
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There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the antibodies being studied. These include:
ELISA, agglutination, precipitation, complement-fixation, and fluorescent antibodies
Some serological tests are not limited to blood serum, but can also be performed on other bodily fluids such as semen and saliva, which may contain antibodies.
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Importance of Lab diagnosis
1-Save patient's life
2-Prevent spread of disease
3- Treatment therapy
Serological Reactions
Primary: It measures the direct interaction between Ag and Ab in Vitro (test tube). Example: Elisa, RIA tests.
شرح واف عن تركيب الـــ antibody
Secondary: It measures the consequences of interaction between Ag and Ab in Vitro. Example: Agglutination, Precipitation, Neutralization tests
Tertiary: It measures Ag and Ab interactions in Vivo (in body).
Terms
Validity: A serological test should provide a sign of which individuals actually have the disease and which do not.
Specificity: ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease.
Sensitivity: Ability of a test to identify correctly those who have the disease (can detect v. small amounts).
Quantitative test:
It measures thc amount of Ag or Ab.
Qualitative test:
It delects the presence or absence of Ag or Ab.
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