Genetics: The study in biology of how the characteristics of living things are passed through the genes from parents to children. Genetics can be applied to study of all living system including bacteria, plants, animals and humans, The modern science of genetics, begin with the work of Gregor Mendel in mild -18th century. To understanding its importance can lead to understanding of organism surrounding us.
Materials:
Laboratory glassware refers to in scientific work, and traditionally made of glass. Glass can be blown, a variety of equipment used bent, cut, molded, and formed into many sizes and shapes.
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Examples:
• Beakers, Erlenmeyer flask, Florence flask Schlenk flask., Bottles Jars ,Test tubes, Desiccators, Glass evaporating dishes, slides, (a) such as watch glasses, Glass Petri dishes ., Microscope pipettes, () Graduated cylinders, Volumetric flasks , Burettes, Glass Glass Ebulliometers, Stirring rods, Condensers, Glass retorts.
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Chemicals:
Different chemical compounds used in laboratory genelics such as Tris)EDTA buffers.)
EQUPEMENTS:
A pipette is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser.
The autoclaves (laboratory sterilizers):
from Systec specially developed for laboratory sterilization applications, makes processes safer, easier, accurate, reproducible and validatable. Systec autoclaves can be used in all laboratory applications, even in demanding sterilization processes: the sterilization of liquids ( such as nutrient and culture media), solids (such as instruments, pipettes, glassware), waste (destructive sterilization of liquid waste in bottles, or solid waste in destruction bags) and biological hazards in safety laboratories. A
spectrophotometer:
is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance
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() concentrations can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected
Hood: was used to protect the laboratory worker and the surraunding environments from pathogen a secondary purpose to maintain sterility of material inside.
Incubator: Is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the CO2 and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode.
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A centrifuge works by using the principle of sedimentation: Under the influence of gravitational force (g-force), substances separate according to their density. Particles are concentrated as a pellet the bottom of the centrifuge tube and separated from the remaining solution, called supernatant.
Microscopes. Biologists use microscopes of differing powers to see organisms and samples more closely.
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There are several things in a biology lab that you must always avoid here are a few major laboratory don'ts.
eat or drink in the lab-
taste any chemicals or substances you are working with-
use your mouth for pipetting substances-
handle broken glass with bare hands-
pour chemicals down the drain without permission-
operate lab equipment without permission-
perform your own experiments unless given permission-
leave any heated materials unattended-
place flammable substances near heat-
engage in childish- antics such as horseplay or pranks-
Carcinogen:
is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disru tion of cellular metabolic processes(ex: ethedium bromide).
Avoid it by
-Carful technique use and safely equipment, work in fume hood, water dust- masks and disposable glove, cover the bench with foil.
- Work only in closed apparatus.
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